Journal of Environment and Health Science (ISSN : 2413-1628)

hliu092

Why defined as genome traits?
In this paper, genome traits is defined as the set/sum of quatitative gene sequences expressed as environmental adaptiveness traits of the same qualitative nature, in response to certain ranges of environmental gradients. By this definition, the geome traits is not sensitive to normal and gradual environmental changes, which also indicates that the bio-marker at chromosome level is the optimal one. In comparison, gene sequencing would be costy.  

hliu092

Economic gene traits VS. Conservation Genetics
The economic gene traits usually does not consider the self or natual reproduction traits (sustainability in population reproduction) in a population. The extreme case is the clone creatures without any sexual reproduction nature. The most common economic hybridization variety is the hybrid rice, which only relies on the artificial breeding of seeds for ongoing cultivation in farmland. For the economic gene traits, gene/DNA sequencing technology is utilized for gene traits selection.
However, for the conservation of genetics, the sustainability in natual reproduction within a population unit is one of the primary/compulsory selections for gene traits, which is different from economic traits selection. In comparison and contrast, natural traits of environmental adaptiveness is similar to economic traits of environmental adaptation (such as tolerance against drought stress), but they are not totally identical, because the self/natual reproduction traits of a population must be taken into considerations in conservation bology, whereas the economic traits of environmental adaptation can be the hybrid variety without reproduction needs. The later one can be selection by specific gene sequences expressed as environmental adaptation, but the conservation biology should only adopt the bio-marker at chromosomes level (fluorescence DNA probe techniques is advised to increase the accuracy as pointed out in my previous journal article) which is more suitable for the calculations by classical Mendelism inheritance.      

hliu092

今天针对一个热门话题 ------ 群体免疫学做一番思考：
首先，群体免疫学需要从个体免疫的角度开始探讨：对于新型冠状病毒而言，个体免疫力的提前形成应当建立在新型冠壮病毒在其所在的病毒生态系统群落中有着丰富的生物多样性；这对于人类受体提前建立针对新型冠壮病毒的免疫力很重要。因为如果在新型冠壮病毒爆发之前，人体个体就已经通过对新型冠壮病毒的近缘型病毒亚种感染并产生免疫力，而且这种近缘型病毒亚种不具备新型冠壮病毒的快速传播特性，那么新型冠壮病毒的群体性爆发肯定是可以预防的。这次新型冠壮病毒可以无预兆地爆发，说明这种病毒在人类所处生态系统中并无丰富的近缘型病毒亚种，入侵地非常突然，是一种外来入侵病毒。
然后，再从病毒入侵的专一性（specificity）来分析，对于一个被入侵者的受体种群而言，绝大多数传染病情景下是其中的部分个体被入侵病毒感染，并且由于病毒入侵的专一性使得其它个体不受感染。而如今这种新型冠壮病毒爆发是无限制和无选择型的感染几乎所有的人类受体，足以说明这类病毒的致病性基因特性在人类受体中根本无对应的抗性基因特性。从而更加说明这类病毒物种在入侵之前是在人类非近缘型物种的宿主中生存，也就是新型冠壮病毒原先宿主物种群体与人类物种的遗传变异特性非常明显。

hliu092

从以上学术观点进行延伸，新型冠壮病毒的爆发起源问题不应是某个国家的的起源，而应是某个野生物种的起源，而这种野生物种也并非分布于单一国家或是地区。另一方面，针对这类外来入侵病毒物种谈论如何建立群体免疫力，有些可笑，因为群体免疫的前提条件都不具备，即新型冠壮病毒在人类生态系统中根本没有丰富并且温和型的近缘型病毒亚种（生物多样性）来提前产生抗体进行预防。病毒种群的基因突变是很快的，新型冠壮病毒一旦发生突变，又可以再次爆发。跟原来本王的农场种植赣南脐橙一样，一旦爆发黄龙病，只能彻底隔离销毁。

hliu092

补充一下：群体免疫的形成两个前提条件：一个是新型冠壮病毒在人类生态系统中根本没有丰富并且温和型的近缘型病毒亚种（生物多样性）来提前产生抗体进行预防；而是人类受体并无天生的针对新型冠壮病毒的抗病性遗传基因组。因此不可行。

hliu092

更进一步论述，这类新型冠状肺炎的性质对于人体相当于基因缺陷类疾病。即使植入疫苗，由于人体与原先宿主物种遗传距离很大，这类疫苗的有效免疫物质肯定属于异原染色体（非同源染色体）的酶类抗体，是否在人体中具备有效的抗体机理，我认为不容乐观。

hliu092

A viewpoint of population immunology and its application on the COVID 19 outbreak.

Firstly, the formation of population immonology should be explored from the establishment of individual immunity. For COVID 19 coronavirus, one of the pre-conditions of individual immunity should be established by the presence of pathogen biodiversity in the host ecosystem. Before the outbreak of the COVID 19 coronavirus, if individuals have been infected by its relatives virus strains, leading to the establishment of immunity, and the sub-populations of relatives coronavirus strains is less pathogenic and epidemic than COVID 19 strains, then the outbreak of the COVID 19 coronavirus can certainly be prevented, as population immunology would be formed before. However, the outbreak of COVID 19 coronavirus is very sudden, showing the invasive strain status in the receptor’s living ecosystem without any biodisersity in virus community.
Then, the pathogenisis of COVID 19 coronavirus is analyzed by the specificity of invasion-host interactions. In almost cases, epidemic disease only infects a proportion of host population, and the other proportion is resistance against the pathogens due to the specificity of invasion-host interaction between population genetics. However, the non-selective infections of COVID 19 coronavirus reveals the deletion of specificity of invation – host interactions between population genetics, further indicating that the previous host species of COVID 19 coronavirus has apparent genetic distance to the human population, so that the valid biochemical substances of immunity is the enzymes synthesized by the allogenetic chromosomes of a wild animal species as compased with human genomes. Consequently, the inoculation of allogenetic enzymes would not be promising.
The absences in the above two pre-conditions reveals that the population immunology formation of COVID 19 coronavirus would not be realistic, so that the isolation remedy of infection receptors is the only reliable measure to resolve the outbreak of COVID 19 coronavirus.   

hliu092

A viewpoint to the formation of substance boundary layers:
In the three-dimension materials space, the boundaries commonly exists among the materials of solid state, liquid state or gas state. For example, atmosphere is divided into troposphere and stratosphere by the clear boundary layer between both; the water temperature is divided into different thermal layers along the depth of a lake by the clear boundary between water layers; apparent lithologic stratifications is segregated by the geological boundary between them.

The formation of substance boundary: the polarity of polar molecules and atoms (or the induced van der Waals force of non-polar molecules and atoms) leads to the symmetrical arrangement between positive and negative poles. As the whole substances, it tends to be a neutral substance boundary. This neutral substance boundary becomes the obstacle stopping  the polar substances from the transmission through it, resulting in different substance layers.     

hliu092

A viewpoint to the correction of astronomy observation data
The curved three-dimension spaces leads to the magnifying effects on the astronomy observation data, which need to be corrected in computing the raw data.

hliu092

A viewpoint to article doi: 10.1111/rec.13197
The ʻŌhiʻa seedlings is the hybridized cultivar which specifically is selected for the resistance againt Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD). However, the findings that competition from exotic plants and exotic feral ungulate damage leads to more mortality in seedlings than ROD disease reveals that the gene trait selection of resistance againt Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD) would result in the lose in other gene traits of environmental adaptiveness. This is the consequences commonly existing in gene engineering --- the selection of a specific gene trait would lead to the lose of other gene traits as compensation nature due to the linkage effects of the whole genome pool.